doccss
Wednesday, 2 May 2012
Saturday, 7 April 2012
Six
friends were on a large sail boat far out to sea. They had the usual
safety gear on board, including an inflatable life raft and personal
flotation vests (life jackets). They decided to go for a swim in the
calm waters, and one by one jumped over the edge. One had a plastic
float toy, another a diving mask, and only one was wearing a life
jacket. One man was wearing denim shorts with a knife on the belt, and
the rest simply had on their swim suits. You may recognize this as a
movie which was supposedly based on a true story.
They realized too late that nobody had put the ladder down. The sides of the boat were smooth polished fiberglass and sloped out over their heads. It was at least six feet up to the railing. They tried jumping high enough, but soon they were tired and cold. A breeze blew a jacket to the edge above, and a sleeve hung low enough that one of the men was able to grab it and pull the nylon jacket into the water with them. There was no land in sight. What could they do to save themselves?
A bit more creative, although still a fairly "linear" solution, was to use their swim suits, and the jacket tie to create a "rope" that could be thrown up to the railing. Once tangled or caught on the railing, it could then be climbed. In the movie, it took them hours to think of this, and after one attempt during which the clothing broke halfway through the climb, they gave up, as people strangely do in movies.
One man could have leaned over and held his hands on his knees to provide a platform (his back) for another to climb on. Meanwhile, the others could each take a deep breath and swum down under the first to provide more flotation. They could have held the inflatable toy and life jacket under there as well. This might have kept the "platform" man floating high enough for the climber to stand on and reach the railing.
Lateral thinking, then, is sometimes about using what you have in unexpected ways. The knife, for example, might be used more conventionally to cut strips from the clothing and webbing from the life jacket to make a rope - not a bad idea either. But a more "lateral" though is for a man to pound it into the hull of the boat and use it to hang from while the lightest woman climbs over him to the railing.
But to think in lateral or non-linear ways also means to challenge the whole line of thought that the pursuit of a solution is based on. In this case, that line of thought is that they had to get back on the boat. Of course it is natural to think that is the only way to survive, but what if it wasn't? What if they don't actually need the boat?
Those kind of questions can sometimes lead to the most creative solutions. In this case, for example, had they challenged their assumption that the boat was so important, this lateral thinking may have lead to a very creative solution: Use the knife to cut a hole in the hull and sink the boat. As the boat got lower, they could have scrambled aboard and retrieved the life raft and supplies before it sank completely.
In
the movie the knife is lost, and eventually four of the six died. The
remaining two are saved using a broken piece of the face of the diving
mask. This is jammed into a crack where the mechanical ladder normally
opens, and the man hangs on it while the woman climbs over him and
reaches the railing. Of course, since I did not mention the crack, this
wouldn't be one of your solutions. But it is one of the better lateral
thinking examples in this realistic scenario.
You
are probably most familiar with lateral thinking problems which are
puzzles or riddles. They lead you to make certain assumptions, and to
solve them you have to look at those assumptions you're making and try
to get beyond them. Here is a short example of this type:
The book store owner used one book to destroy thousands of others - all in one day. How did he do this? A lateral thinking puzzle like this relies on setting your thoughts in a certain direction. In this case, the idea of a "book store owner" encourages you assume that a book one reads was used to destroy the others. Drop that assumption and you might find the solution - the man used a book of matches to burn all the other books.
Puzzles of this type are good mental exercise, and fun, but fortunately not all lateral thinking problems are word play or simple riddles. In fact, many are designed to require or encourage creative thinking in ways more applicable to actual situations. This type often has many solutions which are valid.
Some may not like the inconclusive nature of this kind of puzzle or problem. They want one definitive solution, so they know they're "right" once they have an answer. However, these more open-ended lateral thinking problems are just as good for exercising one's creativity, and the thinking skills developed from working on them may be more applicable to everyday life, where there is rarely one definitive solution to a problem.
Like any good lateral thinking problem this requires you to think "laterally," which means coming at the problem from other angles, as opposed to the more traditional linear or logical way. You have to use what you have, but in ways that these things are not normally used.
You might, for example, make a "basket" out of your t-shirt, tying your shoelaces to it around the edges. Unravel the threads from your socks and you can make a string to lower the "basket." Then move the basketball onto it and then pull it up to you. A shoe hung on the end of a string made of strips of clothing might work to "kick" the ball into place, rolling it onto your shirt.
You
might also use a piece of paper from your pocket. Chew it up, drop it
onto the ball using shoe laces or clothing, and when it dries it would
perhaps "glue" the line to the ball, allowing it to be lifted. You might
"chimney" your body up and down the pit to get the ball (if you are
tall enough), as climbers do between rock walls. Certainly there are
other possibilities too.
Of course, life itself presents us with many lateral thinking problems, if we approach situations creatively. A judge in a Michigan child custody case could have followed the traditional thinking about how much time the children would spend at each parent's place, but he ruled that the children would stay right where they were in the home they knew. The parents would each get their own place and move in with the kids on alternating weeks. Now that's a good example of applying lateral thinking to real life problems.
The quant
riddles or logic or lateral puzzles below have been accumulated from the
internet and emails that I receive. They are designed to help training
for job or university interviews or just training your brain. The
internet is littered with this kind of thing but the answers can be a
little harder to find so I've thought about all of them and the ones
that I know the answer to can be clicked on and have little
at the end. Questions 3 & 5 are probably the easiest and a good place to start. I've coloured them Red, Amber and Green to indicate Very Hard, Quite Hard and Not so Hard. So that's it good luck....
Posted by
yatheesh.blog
at
03:12
0
comments
They realized too late that nobody had put the ladder down. The sides of the boat were smooth polished fiberglass and sloped out over their heads. It was at least six feet up to the railing. They tried jumping high enough, but soon they were tired and cold. A breeze blew a jacket to the edge above, and a sleeve hung low enough that one of the men was able to grab it and pull the nylon jacket into the water with them. There was no land in sight. What could they do to save themselves?
The More Obvious Solutions
As mentioned, they tried jumping out of the water to reach the railing. As I recall, a couple of them even tried lifting another up, but they sunk into the water as they lifted her. Those, and swimming around the boat to see if there was anything hanging down to climb up on, were what I would consider the expected responses.A bit more creative, although still a fairly "linear" solution, was to use their swim suits, and the jacket tie to create a "rope" that could be thrown up to the railing. Once tangled or caught on the railing, it could then be climbed. In the movie, it took them hours to think of this, and after one attempt during which the clothing broke halfway through the climb, they gave up, as people strangely do in movies.
The More "Lateral Thinking" Examples
Lateral thinking, remember, is moving away from the usual logic and linear line of reasoning. For example, it is logical to think about jumping up to reach the railing, and to help a person do that. A more creative or lateral approach would be to question the logic of using people as "muscle" for this attempt. What else could they be? Flotation.One man could have leaned over and held his hands on his knees to provide a platform (his back) for another to climb on. Meanwhile, the others could each take a deep breath and swum down under the first to provide more flotation. They could have held the inflatable toy and life jacket under there as well. This might have kept the "platform" man floating high enough for the climber to stand on and reach the railing.
Lateral thinking, then, is sometimes about using what you have in unexpected ways. The knife, for example, might be used more conventionally to cut strips from the clothing and webbing from the life jacket to make a rope - not a bad idea either. But a more "lateral" though is for a man to pound it into the hull of the boat and use it to hang from while the lightest woman climbs over him to the railing.
But to think in lateral or non-linear ways also means to challenge the whole line of thought that the pursuit of a solution is based on. In this case, that line of thought is that they had to get back on the boat. Of course it is natural to think that is the only way to survive, but what if it wasn't? What if they don't actually need the boat?
Those kind of questions can sometimes lead to the most creative solutions. In this case, for example, had they challenged their assumption that the boat was so important, this lateral thinking may have lead to a very creative solution: Use the knife to cut a hole in the hull and sink the boat. As the boat got lower, they could have scrambled aboard and retrieved the life raft and supplies before it sank completely.
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The book store owner used one book to destroy thousands of others - all in one day. How did he do this? A lateral thinking puzzle like this relies on setting your thoughts in a certain direction. In this case, the idea of a "book store owner" encourages you assume that a book one reads was used to destroy the others. Drop that assumption and you might find the solution - the man used a book of matches to burn all the other books.
Puzzles of this type are good mental exercise, and fun, but fortunately not all lateral thinking problems are word play or simple riddles. In fact, many are designed to require or encourage creative thinking in ways more applicable to actual situations. This type often has many solutions which are valid.
Some may not like the inconclusive nature of this kind of puzzle or problem. They want one definitive solution, so they know they're "right" once they have an answer. However, these more open-ended lateral thinking problems are just as good for exercising one's creativity, and the thinking skills developed from working on them may be more applicable to everyday life, where there is rarely one definitive solution to a problem.
Situational Thinking Problems
This type usually involves a scenario or situation which is explained, along with a goal. Suppose, for example, you need to get a basketball out of a 12-foot deep pit. That's the goal. The situation? The pit has smooth cement for the floor and walls, and it is square, about four feet per side. You're alone and have only what you are wearing, including whatever is in your pockets at the moment. How can you get the basketball out using only what has been described?Like any good lateral thinking problem this requires you to think "laterally," which means coming at the problem from other angles, as opposed to the more traditional linear or logical way. You have to use what you have, but in ways that these things are not normally used.
You might, for example, make a "basket" out of your t-shirt, tying your shoelaces to it around the edges. Unravel the threads from your socks and you can make a string to lower the "basket." Then move the basketball onto it and then pull it up to you. A shoe hung on the end of a string made of strips of clothing might work to "kick" the ball into place, rolling it onto your shirt.
| |
Of course, life itself presents us with many lateral thinking problems, if we approach situations creatively. A judge in a Michigan child custody case could have followed the traditional thinking about how much time the children would spend at each parent's place, but he ruled that the children would stay right where they were in the home they knew. The parents would each get their own place and move in with the kids on alternating weeks. Now that's a good example of applying lateral thinking to real life problems.
lateral thinking
A Collection of Quant Riddles With (some) Answers
Monday, 12 March 2012
Dr. Kiran Mazumdar‐Shaw
Entrepreneur Dr. Kiran Mazumdar‐
Shaw, Chairman & Managing Director of
Bioon Ltd. She was educated at the Bishop
Cotton Girls School and Mount Carmel
College in Bangalore.
She founded Biocon India with a
capital of Rs.10,000 in her garage in 1978 ‐
the initial operation was to extract an
enzyme from papaya. Her application for
loans were turned down by banks then ‐
on three counts ‐ biotechnology was then a
new word, thecompany lacked assets, and
(most importantly) women entrepreneurs
were still a rarity. Today, her company is
the biggest biopharmaceutical firm in the
country.
In 2004, Biocon went for an IPO and the issue was over‐subscribed by over
30 times. Post‐IPO, Shaw held close to 40% of the stock of the company and was
regarded as India’s richest woman with an estimated worth of Rs. 2,100 crore (~U.S.
$ 480 million).
�� Anu Aga
This woman became the Chairperson of
Thermax Engineering after the death of
her husband Rohinton Aga. The
company’s condition was critical at that
time. Its share price dipped to Rs. 36 from
Rs. 400. Anu Aga, the then Director of
Human Resource, Thermax, was
compelled to take charge of the company.
In order to make the company profitable, she brought a consultant from
abroad and restructured the company. The strategy worked and the company saw
profit again. She stepped down from the post of chairperson in 2004. Now, she
spends most of her time in social activities. Bombay Management Association
awarded her Management Woman Achiever of the Year Award 2002‐2003.
After retiring from Thermax, she took to social work, and 2010 was
awarded the Padma Shri (Social Work) by Govt. of India.
Entrepreneur Dr. Kiran Mazumdar‐
Shaw, Chairman & Managing Director of
Bioon Ltd. She was educated at the Bishop
Cotton Girls School and Mount Carmel
College in Bangalore.
She founded Biocon India with a
capital of Rs.10,000 in her garage in 1978 ‐
the initial operation was to extract an
enzyme from papaya. Her application for
loans were turned down by banks then ‐
on three counts ‐ biotechnology was then a
new word, thecompany lacked assets, and
(most importantly) women entrepreneurs
were still a rarity. Today, her company is
the biggest biopharmaceutical firm in the
country.
In 2004, Biocon went for an IPO and the issue was over‐subscribed by over
30 times. Post‐IPO, Shaw held close to 40% of the stock of the company and was
regarded as India’s richest woman with an estimated worth of Rs. 2,100 crore (~U.S.
$ 480 million).
�� Anu Aga
This woman became the Chairperson of
Thermax Engineering after the death of
her husband Rohinton Aga. The
company’s condition was critical at that
time. Its share price dipped to Rs. 36 from
Rs. 400. Anu Aga, the then Director of
Human Resource, Thermax, was
compelled to take charge of the company.
In order to make the company profitable, she brought a consultant from
abroad and restructured the company. The strategy worked and the company saw
profit again. She stepped down from the post of chairperson in 2004. Now, she
spends most of her time in social activities. Bombay Management Association
awarded her Management Woman Achiever of the Year Award 2002‐2003.
After retiring from Thermax, she took to social work, and 2010 was
awarded the Padma Shri (Social Work) by Govt. of India.
Indra Nooyi
Indian born American
businesswoman, Indra Krishnamurthy
Nooyi born October 28, 1955 is the
Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer
(CEO) of PepsiCo, one of the worldʹs
leading food and beverage companies.
On August 14, 2006, Nooyi was named
the successor to Steven Reinemund as
chief executive officer of the company
effective October 1, 2006. On February 5,
2007, she was named Chairperson,
effective May 2, 2007.
Nooyi joined PepsiCo in 1994 and was named president and CFO in 2001.
Nooyi has directed the companyʹs global strategy for more than decade and led
PepsiCoʹs restructuring, including the 1997 divestiture of its restaurants into
Tricon, now known as Yum! Brands. Nooyi also took the lead in the acquisition of
Tropicana in 1998, and merger with Quaker Oats Company, which also brought
Gatorade to PepsiCo. In 2007 she became the fifth CEO in PepsiCoʹs 44‐year
history.
Nooyiʹs key contributions include promoting and supporting socially
responsible business practices, including taking on one of the planetʹs most
pressing problems, climate change. Her commitment to global citizenship is
evidenced by her multi‐year growth strategy, ʺPerformance with Purposeʺ.
Nooyi was named on Wall Street Journalʹs list of 50 women to watch in 2007
and 2008, and was listed among Timeʹs 100 Most Influential People in The World
in 2007 and 2008. Nooyi has been named 2009 CEO of the Year by the Global
Supply Chain Leaders Group (GSCLG).
Indian born American
businesswoman, Indra Krishnamurthy
Nooyi born October 28, 1955 is the
Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer
(CEO) of PepsiCo, one of the worldʹs
leading food and beverage companies.
On August 14, 2006, Nooyi was named
the successor to Steven Reinemund as
chief executive officer of the company
effective October 1, 2006. On February 5,
2007, she was named Chairperson,
effective May 2, 2007.
Nooyi joined PepsiCo in 1994 and was named president and CFO in 2001.
Nooyi has directed the companyʹs global strategy for more than decade and led
PepsiCoʹs restructuring, including the 1997 divestiture of its restaurants into
Tricon, now known as Yum! Brands. Nooyi also took the lead in the acquisition of
Tropicana in 1998, and merger with Quaker Oats Company, which also brought
Gatorade to PepsiCo. In 2007 she became the fifth CEO in PepsiCoʹs 44‐year
history.
Nooyiʹs key contributions include promoting and supporting socially
responsible business practices, including taking on one of the planetʹs most
pressing problems, climate change. Her commitment to global citizenship is
evidenced by her multi‐year growth strategy, ʺPerformance with Purposeʺ.
Nooyi was named on Wall Street Journalʹs list of 50 women to watch in 2007
and 2008, and was listed among Timeʹs 100 Most Influential People in The World
in 2007 and 2008. Nooyi has been named 2009 CEO of the Year by the Global
Supply Chain Leaders Group (GSCLG).
Sunday, 25 March 2012
itc company e chopal
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The Big Picture:
ITC's Agri Business Division, one of
India's largest exporters of agricultural commodities, has conceived e-Choupal
as a more efficient supply chain aimed at delivering value to its customers
around the world on a sustainable basis.
The e-Choupal model has been
specifically designed to tackle the challenges posed by the unique features of
Indian agriculture, characterised by fragmented farms, weak infrastructure and
the involvement of numerous intermediaries, among others.
The Value Chain - Farm to Factory
Gate:

'e-Choupal' also unshackles the
potential of Indian farmer who has been trapped in a vicious cycle of low risk
taking ability > low investment > low productivity > weak market
orientation > low value addition > low margin > low risk taking
ability. This made him and Indian agribusiness sector globally uncompetitive,
despite rich & abundant natural resources.
Such a market-led business model can
enhance the competitiveness of Indian agriculture and trigger a virtuous cycle
of higher productivity, higher incomes, enlarged capacity for farmer risk
management, larger investments and higher quality and productivity.
Further, a growth in rural incomes
will also unleash the latent demand for industrial goods so necessary for the
continued growth of the Indian economy. This will create another virtuous cycle
propelling the economy into a higher growth trajectory.
The Model in Action:
Appreciating the imperative of
intermediaries in the Indian context, 'e-Choupal' leverages Information
Technology to virtually cluster all the value chain participants, delivering
the same benefits as vertical integration does in mature agricultural economies
like the USA.
'e-Choupal' makes use of the
physical transmission capabilities of current intermediaries - aggregation,
logistics, counter-party risk and bridge financing -while disintermediating
them from the chain of information flow and market signals.
With a judicious blend of click & mortar capabilities,
village internet kiosks managed by farmers - called sanchalaks -
themselves, enable the agricultural community access ready information in their
local language on the weather & market prices, disseminate knowledge on
scientific farm practices & risk management, facilitate the sale of farm
inputs (now with embedded knowledge) and purchase farm produce from the
farmers' doorsteps (decision making is now information-based).
Real-time information and customised
knowledge provided by 'e-Choupal' enhance the ability of farmers to take
decisions and align their farm output with market demand and secure quality
& productivity. The aggregation of the demand for farm inputs from
individual farmers gives them access to high quality inputs from established
and reputed manufacturers at fair prices. As a direct marketing channel,
virtually linked to the 'mandi' system for price discovery, 'e-Choupal'
eliminates wasteful intermediation and multiple handling. Thereby it
significantly reduces transaction costs.
'e-Choupal' ensures world-class
quality in delivering all these goods & services through several product /
service specific partnerships with the leaders in the respective fields, in
addition to ITC's own expertise.
While the farmers benefit through
enhanced farm productivity and higher farm gate prices, ITC benefits from the
lower net cost of procurement (despite offering better prices to the farmer)
having eliminated costs in the supply chain that do not add value.
The Status of Execution:
Launched in June 2000, 'e-Choupal', has already become the
largest initiative among all Internet-based interventions in rural India.
'e-Choupal' services today reach out to over 4 million farmers growing a range
of crops - soyabean, coffee, wheat, rice, pulses, shrimp - in over 40,000
villages through 6500 kiosks across ten states (Madhya Pradesh, Haryana,
Uttarakhand, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra,
Kerela and Tamil Nadu).
The problems encountered while
setting up and managing these 'e-Choupals' are primarily of infrastructural
inadequacies, including power supply, telecom connectivity and bandwidth, apart
from the challenge of imparting skills to the first time internet users in
remote and inaccessible areas of rural India.

Several alternative and innovative solutions - some of them
expensive - are being deployed to overcome these challenges e.g. Power back-up
through batteries charged by Solar panels, upgrading BSNL exchanges with RNS
kits, installation of VSAT equipment, Mobile Choupals, local caching of static
content on website to stream in the dynamic content more efficiently, 24x7
helpdesk etc.
Going forward, the roadmap includes
plans to integrate bulk storage, handling & transportation facilities to
improve logistics efficiencies.
As India's 'kissan' Company, ITC has
taken care to involve farmers in the designing and management of the entire
'e-Choupal' initiative. The active participation of farmers in this rural
initiative has created a sense of ownership in the project among the farmers.
They see the 'e-Choupal' as the new age cooperative for all practical purposes.
This enthusiastic response from
farmers has encouraged ITC to plan for the extension of the 'e-Choupal'
initiative to altogether 15 states across India over the next few years. On the
anvil are plans to channelise other services related to micro-credit, health
and education through the same 'e-Choupal' infrastructure.
Another path-breaking initiative -
the 'Choupal Pradarshan Khet', brings the benefits of agricultural best
practices to small and marginal farmers. Backed by intensive research and
knowledge, this initiative provides Agri-extension services which are
qualitatively superior and involves pro-active handholding of farmers to ensure
productivity gains. The services are customised to meet local conditions,
ensure timely availability of farm inputs including credit, and provide a
cluster of farmer schools for capturing indigenous knowledge. This initiative,
which has covered over 70,000 hectares, has a multiplier impact and reaches out
to over 1.6 million farmers.
ITC's e-Choupal has won numerous
awards:
- United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) Award at the international conference on Sharing Innovative Agribusiness Solutions 2008at Cairo for ITC's exemplary initiatives in agri business through the e-Choupal.
- The Ashoka - Changemakers 'Health For All' Award 2006 for the Rural Health Services model for delivery of health services through the e-Choupals.
- The Stockholm Challenge 2006. This award is for using information technology for the economic development of rural communities.
- Innovation for India Award 2006 for ITC e-Choupal in the Social Innovations category for business organizations. The first of its kind in India, based on parameters of number of lives impacted, degree of impact on organization and environment, uniqueness, leverage of resources and whether it was scalable and sustainable, e-Choupal was declared as one of 'India's Best Innovations'.
- The Development Gateway Award 2005 (previously known as the Petersberg Prize) for the trailblazing e-Choupal initiative. ITC is the first Indian company and the second in the world to win this prestigious award.
- The 'Golden Peacock Global Award for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Emerging Economies for 2005'. The Company received this award for its e-Choupal and social and farm forestry initiatives that are impactfully transforming lives and landscapes in rural India.
- The Corporate Social Responsibility Award 2004 from The Energy and Resources Institute(TERI) for its e-Choupal initiative. The Award provides impetus to sustainable development and encourages ongoing social responsibility processes within the corporate sector.
- The inaugural 'World Business Award', instituted jointly by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), the HRH Prince of Wales International Business Leaders Forum (IBLF) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This award recognises companies who have made significant efforts to create sustainable livelihood opportunities and enduring wealth in developing countries.
- The 'Enterprise Business Transformation Award' for Asia Pacific (Apac), instituted by Infosys Technologies and Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
- PC Quest's IT Implementation Award in the 'Best Project' category.
- The Golden Peacock Innovation Award 2004.
- The NASSCOM award for 'Best IT User in FMCG' in 2003. The Award is a recognition of ITC's successful integration of its IT usage with its business processes.
- The Seagate Intelligent Enterprise of the Year 2003 Award, for the most innovative usage of Information Technology.
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Dec 01, 2008
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Jul 31, 2008
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Sep 16, 2005
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Jun 01, 2005
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May 13, 2005
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Jun 03, 2004
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May 19, 2004
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Jan 21, 2004
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Nov 29, 2003
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